Commissioned by: Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (IENAE-HIMA)
Location: Modi, Poros, Greece
Website: IENAE-HIMA
Objective:
The Modi Expedition aimed to document the underwater excavation of a Late Bronze Age (1200 BC) Mycenaean shipwreck in Argolikos Bay, Greece. Our objective was to capture every stage of the research through high-resolution photography, videography, and advanced underwater photogrammetry, ensuring the preservation of valuable archaeological data. Additionally, we documented the testing of a cutting-edge underwater ROV developed under a European program, highlighting its role in advancing excavation methodologies.
The Modi Expedition 2023 was a groundbreaking underwater archaeological project focused on the continuation of the excavation of a 2nd century BC Mycenaean shipwreck in Argolikos Bay, Greece. Spearheaded by a team of archaeologists, scientists, and technical experts, the project aimed to reveal, document and preserve one of the oldest known shipwrecks in the region.
As part of our efforts to amplify the project’s impact, we collaborated with the Television Station of the Hellenic Parliament, allowing the content we generated to become part of a mini-documentary about the expedition. This collaboration helped bring the significance of the excavation to a wider audience, merging historical research with modern media storytelling. Through our expertise in visual documentation and technical precision, we provided archaeologists and researchers with an immersive and scientifically accurate record of the excavation process.
The excavation in this area uncover many fragments of broken amphoras from the Mycenaean shipwreck
Challenges
Underwater Imaging and Documentation
Capturing high-quality visual data in an underwater environment required specialized equipment and techniques to overcome issues such as low visibility, strong currents, and varying light conditions.
Remote Operations
Conducting daily operations from a boat in a secluded area required meticulous planning and resource management to ensure efficiency and safety.
Logistics and Technical Management
Coordinating and maintaining a vast array of equipment—including underwater cameras, lighting systems, drones, laptops, photogrammetry rigs, and scuba gear—was critical for the success of the expedition.
Collaborative Efforts
Effective communication and coordination among archaeologists, scientists, technical staff, divers, and conservators were essential to harmonize the diverse expertise and responsibilities within the team.
Challenging Underwater Environment
Operating at depths of up to 50 meters introduced complexities, including limited bottom time, the need for decompression stops with specialized breathing gases (enriched air, also known as NITROX), and heightened risks associated with deep diving.
An airlift is a specialized underwater excavation tool that utilizes compressed air to remove sediment, debris, and small objects from the seabed. It operates by injecting compressed air into a submerged pipe at approximately 60% of its depth. This injection reduces the density of the fluid column inside the pipe, causing a mixture of water and entrained materials to be drawn up and expelled through the pipe.
Archaeological Context
Identifying the Shipwreck
The shipwreck investigated during the Modi Expedition dates back to the Late Bronze Age, specifically the Late Helladic III period (13th–12th century BCE). Discovered on the northern, steep, rocky seabed of Modi islet at depths ranging from 24 to 37 meters, the site contained a cargo primarily composed of large transport vessels, including pithoi, jars, and hydriae, many of which were found intact or in fragmentary condition. The typology and decoration of these ceramics suggest strong connections to Mycenaean centers such as Mycenae and the Argolid region. Notably, one jar fragment featured a Linear B symbol, indicating the use of Mycenaean script for labeling or inventory purposes.
The strategic location of Modi islet along ancient maritime trade routes underscores the significance of this find, providing valuable insights into the trade networks and cultural interactions of the Late Bronze Age Aegean.
Solutions Implemented
We employed advanced underwater imaging techniques, including photogrammetry, to create 3D reconstructions of the excavation site. This ensured that every stage of the excavation was digitally preserved for further study and analysis. Our team recorded detailed footage of excavation activities, capturing the precise work of archaeologists and divers. These recordings served both as scientific documentation and as materials for educational and promotional use. We also filmed and analyzed the testing of a state-of-the-art underwater ROV developed under a European program, showcasing its role in deep-sea archaeology and its potential for future excavation projects.
To enhance the quality of documentation, we implemented specialized camera housings, custom lighting setups, and post-processing techniques to improve image clarity despite underwater challenges. Safety was a key priority, and we instituted rigorous measures tailored to deep-diving operations. These included the use of Enriched Air Nitrox to extend bottom time and reduce decompression obligations, as well as the establishment of emergency response procedures.
Environmental factors played a significant role in our approach. We continuously monitored weather and water conditions, adjusting dive schedules and documentation plans to mitigate risks associated with strong currents and winds. This level of adaptability was crucial in ensuring both the safety of the team and the project’s success.
Results
Archaeological Documentation and Preservation
The Modi Expedition successfully documented and recovered significant archaeological artifacts, contributing to a deeper understanding of Late Bronze Age maritime activities and trade networks in the Aegean. Through our high-resolution photography, videography, and photogrammetry work, we preserved invaluable archaeological insights, ensuring that this discovery remains accessible for future research and education. Our collaboration with the Television Station of the Hellenic Parliament allowed content generated by us to become part of a mini-documentary about the project, further broadening public engagement and historical awareness.
Recording the 2023 Expedition for Future Use
The visual content we produced during the Modi Expedition serves as a crucial resource for future reference, academic study, and media dissemination. The recorded material provides a comprehensive overview of the excavation, enabling archaeologists to revisit and analyze the site long after fieldwork has concluded. Furthermore, this content will be utilized for presentations at conferences, educational initiatives, and media productions, ensuring that the significance of the Modi shipwreck is communicated to both scholarly and public audiences.
Conclusion
The Modi Expedition was a landmark project that combined archaeological expertise, cutting-edge technology, and high-quality documentation to preserve and interpret a significant Late Bronze Age shipwreck. Our meticulous approach to imaging, safety, and environmental adaptability ensured a successful operation, while our collaboration with media partners extended the reach of our findings to a wider audience. This project not only deepened our understanding of Mycenaean maritime trade but also set a precedent for future underwater archaeological expeditions.
